Substantial mainstream research in related areas is being conducted in. that the mind was being uploaded. see mind uploading as a medical. How to check for viruses on files being uploaded from web site. alan4038 Aug 13. In this case though, I could see MWG act as a ICAP server and a reverse proxy. When I open my 'live desktop' I can access all the folders but some of them are empty. Upload is not in progress, it has never started, log on the right says that i joined the folder, no further action is mentioned contrary to other folders where i can see how many files, pictures etc. I havent found any option to force upload, I guess files should be send automatically after the folder is added but it doesn't happen sometimes. Computer has been restarted, i went offline and online, deleted and added folders again and some of them just tend not to work while others do very well.(win. Mind uploading - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Whole brain emulation (WBE) or mind uploading (sometimes called "mind copying" or "mind transfer") is the hypothetical process of scanning mental state (including long- term memory and "self") of a particular brain substrate and copying it to a computational device, such as a digital, analog, quantum- based or software- based artificial neural network. The computational device could then run a simulation model of the brain information processing, such that it responds in essentially the same way as the original brain (i. Mind uploading may potentially be accomplished by either of two methods: Copy- and- Transfer or Gradual Replacement of neurons. In the case of the former method, mind uploading would be achieved by scanning and mapping the salient features of a biological brain, and then by copying, transferring, and storing that information state into a computer system or another computational device. The simulated mind could be within a virtual reality or simulated world, supported by an anatomic 3. D body simulation model. Alternatively, the simulated mind could reside in a computer that's inside (or connected to) a (not necessarily humanoid) robot or a biological body.[4]Among some futurists and within the transhumanist movement, mind uploading is treated as an important proposed life extension technology. Some believe mind uploading is our current best option for preserving who we are as opposed to cryonics.[5] Another aim of mind uploading is to provide a permanent backup to our "mind- file", and a means for functional copies of human minds to survive a global disaster or interstellar space travels. Whole brain emulation is discussed by some futurists as a "logical endpoint"[4] of the topical computational neuroscience and neuroinformatics fields, both about brain simulation for medical research purposes. It is discussed in artificial intelligence research publications as an approach to strong AI. Computer- based intelligence such as an upload could think much faster than a biological human even if it were no more intelligent. A large- scale society of uploads might, according to futurists, give rise to a technological singularity, meaning a sudden time constant decrease in the exponential development of technology.[6] Mind uploading is a central conceptual feature of numerous science fiction novels and films.
Substantial mainstream research in related areas is being conducted in animal brain mapping and simulation, development of faster super computers, virtual reality, brain- computer interfaces, connectomics and information extraction from dynamically functioning brains.[7] According to supporters, many of the tools and ideas needed to achieve mind uploading already exist or are currently under active development; however, they will admit that others are, as yet, very speculative, but still in the realm of engineering possibility. Neuroscientist Randal Koene has formed a nonprofit organization called Carbon Copies to promote mind uploading research. Overview[edit]The human brain contains about 8. Signals at the junctures (synapses) of these connections are transmitted by the release and detection of chemicals known as neurotransmitters. The established neuroscientific consensus is that the human mind is largely an emergent property of the information processing of this neural network. Importantly, neuroscientists have stated that important functions performed by the mind, such as learning, memory, and consciousness, are due to purely physical and electrochemical processes in the brain and are governed by applicable laws. For example, Christof Koch and Giulio Tononi wrote in IEEE Spectrum: "Consciousness is part of the natural world. It depends, we believe, only on mathematics and logic and on the imperfectly known laws of physics, chemistry, and biology; it does not arise from some magical or otherworldly quality."[8]The concept of mind uploading is based on this mechanistic view of the mind, and denies the vitalist view of human life and consciousness. Eminent computer scientists and neuroscientists have predicted that specially programmed computers will be capable of thought and even attain consciousness, including Koch and Tononi,[8]Douglas Hofstadter,[9]Jeff Hawkins,[9]Marvin Minsky,[1. Randal A. Koene,[1. Rodolfo Llinas.[1. Such an artificial intelligence capability might provide a computational substrate necessary for uploading. However, even though uploading is dependent upon such a general capability, it is conceptually distinct from general forms of AI in that it results from dynamic reanimation of information derived from a specific human mind so that the mind retains a sense of historical identity (other forms are possible but would compromise or eliminate the life- extension feature generally associated with uploading). The transferred and reanimated information would become a form of artificial intelligence, sometimes called an infomorph or "no. Г¶morph."Many theorists have presented models of the brain and have established a range of estimates of the amount of computing power needed for partial and complete simulations.[4][citation needed] Using these models, some have estimated that uploading may become possible within decades if trends such as Moore's Law continue.[1. Theoretical benefits[edit]"Immortality" / backup[edit]In theory, if the information and processes of the mind can be disassociated from the biological body, they are no longer tied to the individual limits and lifespan of that body. Furthermore, information within a brain could be partly or wholly copied or transferred to one or more other substrates (including digital storage or another brain), thereby - from a purely mechanistic perspective - reducing or eliminating "mortality risk" of such information. This general proposal appears to have been first made in the biomedical literature in 1. George M. Martin of the University of Washington.[1. Speedup[edit]If Moore's law holds for several more decades, a supercomputer might be able to simulate a human brain at the neural level at a faster perceived speed than a biological brain. By that time, transistors will have reached sub- atomic size, as current experimental transistors are 1. However, even if simulation at such speeds should be possible, the exact date this would be achieved is difficult to estimate due to limited understanding of the required accuracy, and computational speed is not the only requirement for making full human brain simulation possible. Several contradictory predictions have been made about when a whole human brain can be emulated, for example 2. Ray Kurzweil; some of the predicted dates have already passed. Given that the electrochemical signals that brains use to achieve thought travel at about 1. Also, neurons can generate a maximum of about 2. GHz in 2. 01. 3,[1. However, the human brain contains roughly eighty- six billion neurons with eighty- six trillion synapses connecting them.[1. Replicating each of these as separate electronic components using microchip- based semiconductor technology would require a computer enormously large in comparison with today's super- computers. In a less futuristic implementation, time- sharing would allow several neurons to be emulated sequentially by the same computational unit. Thus the size of the computer would be restricted, but the speedup would be lower. Assuming that cortical minicolumns organized into hypercolumns are the computational units, mammal brains can be emulated by today's supercomputers, but with slower speed than in a biological brain.[1. One obvious use of this technology is the possibility to speed up the development of even faster brains. Relevant technologies and techniques[edit]The focus of mind uploading, in the case of copy- and- transfer, is on data acquisition, rather than data maintenance of the brain. A set of approaches known as loosely coupled off- loading (LCOL) may be used in the attempt to characterize and copy the mental contents of a brain.[1. The LCOL approach may take advantage of self- reports, life- logs and video recordings that can be analyzed by artificial intelligence. A bottom- up approach may focus on the specific resolution and morphology of neurons, the spike times of neurons, the times at which neurons produce action potential responses. Computational complexity[edit]. Estimates of how much processing power is needed to emulate a human brain at various levels (from Ray Kurzweil and the chart to the left), along with the fastest supercomputer from TOP5. Note the logarithmic scale and exponential trendline, which assumes the computational capacity doubles every 1. Kurzweil believes that mind uploading will be possible at neural simulation, while the Sandberg, Bostrom report is less certain about where consciousness arises.[2. Advocates of mind uploading point to Moore's law to support the notion that the necessary computing power is expected to become available within a few decades. However, the actual computational requirements for running an uploaded human mind are very difficult to quantify, potentially rendering such an argument specious. Regardless of the techniques used to capture or recreate the function of a human mind, the processing demands are likely to be immense, due to the large number of neurons in the human brain along with the considerable complexity of each neuron. In 2. 00. 4, Henry Markram, lead researcher of the "Blue Brain Project", has stated that "it is not [their] goal to build an intelligent neural network", based solely on the computational demands such a project would have.[2. It will be very difficult because, in the brain, every molecule is a powerful computer and we would need to simulate the structure and function of trillions upon trillions of molecules as well as all the rules that govern how they interact. You would literally need computers that are trillions of times bigger and faster than anything existing today.[2.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
September 2016
Categories |